![]() The acid in the grapes caused the copper to develop crystals. Another method of production was developed in 18th-century Montpellier, where it was manufactured in household cellars using copper plates stacked in clay pots that were filled with distilled wine. A few weeks later, the block was to be dug up, and the verdigris scraped off. In the Middle Ages, copper strips were attached to a wooden block with acetic acid the block was then buried in dung. : 414 The most common ingredients used were copper and vinegar. The historical methods used for producing verdigris have been recorded in artistic treaties, manuscripts on alchemy, works in natural history, and texts on medicine. : 179–182 Production Ĭopper(II) acetate is prepared by treatment of copper(II) hydroxide with acetic acid. By the 20th century, the production of verdigris had moved away from Montpellier and more cost-efficient methods of producing green pigments sent the industry into decline after WWI. At the height of its popularity, in the 1710s, the government had to enforce inspection systems to address growing fraudulent practices. : 177 It was a profitable business, and 80% of production was sold abroad through certified female brokers. The industry was long dominated by the women of Montpelier, France, which had the ideal climate to produce pulverised verdigris. It was used as a pigment in paintings and other art objects (as green color), mostly imported from Greece, and hence verte grez is also given another etymology as vert-de-Grèce ("green of Greece"). The modern French writing of this word is vert-de-gris ("green of grey"), sounding like the older name verdet gris ("grey greenish"), itself a deformation of verte grez. The name verdigris comes from the Middle English vertegrez, from the Old French verte grez, meaning vert d'aigre, "green vinegar". ![]() Look up verdigris in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. : 171 The instability of its appearance stems from its hydration level and basicity, which changes as the pigment interacts with other materials over time. However, due to its instability, its popularity declined as other green pigments became readily available. : 172 Until the 19th century, verdigris was the most vibrant green pigment available and was frequently used in paintings. : 414 A leading production site in Montpellier, France was run by women for centuries, providing an important source of female employment. Verdigris was a common ingredient in colouring agents and pharmaceutical preparations. ![]() : 132 Verdigris has been used for artistic purposes from antiquity until the late 20th century, including in easel painting, polychromatic sculptures, and illumination of maps. Verdigris is a common name for any of a variety of poisonous copper salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a bluish-green depending on their chemical composition. For other uses, see Verdigris (disambiguation).
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